What Is an HOA?
An HOA (Homeowner’s Association) is an organization that manages and maintains common areas and enforces community rules in residential neighborhoods, townhome developments, or condo buildings. When you purchase a home in an HOA community, you agree to follow its rules and pay dues to support the upkeep of shared amenities and services.
What Does an HOA Do?
The purpose of an HOA is to preserve property values and enhance the community’s quality of life. Here’s what a typical HOA is responsible for:
- Maintaining common areas: Landscaping, parks, walking trails, clubhouses, pools, and other shared spaces
- Enforcing community rules: Guidelines for home exteriors, lawn care, parking, noise, trash pickup, and more
- Managing amenities: Pools, tennis courts, fitness centers, gated entrances, and security
- Coordinating repairs and services: Roof repairs (in condos or townhomes), exterior painting, pest control, or snow removal
Each HOA operates under its own Covenants, Conditions & Restrictions (CC&Rs), which outline what’s allowed—and not allowed—in the community.
How Much Does an HOA Cost?
HOA fees vary widely depending on the location, type of property, and services offered. On average, condos and townhomes have higher HOA fees than single-family homes due to the shared structure and amenities.
Fees may be paid monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually, and are typically due to the management company or HOA board.
What Do HOA Fees Cover?
Depending on the community, your HOA dues may cover:
- Landscaping and lawn maintenance in common areas
- Water, sewer, and trash services
- Exterior building maintenance (especially for condos or townhomes)
- Pest control
- Amenity access (pool, gym, playground, etc.)
- Security gates or patrols
- Reserve fund contributions for future repairs
Make sure to request a breakdown of what’s included in the fees before you buy.
What Are the Pros and Cons of Living in an HOA?
Pros:
- Community upkeep: Well-maintained common areas and landscaping
- Access to amenities: Pools, parks, fitness centers, and more
- Preserved home values: Uniform standards can help maintain curb appeal
- Conflict resolution: HOAs can mediate neighbor disputes and enforce rules
Cons:
- Ongoing fees: HOA dues are an extra monthly cost on top of your mortgage
- Restrictions: Limitations on exterior paint colors, fences, holiday décor, etc.
- Enforcement power: Fines or legal action if rules or payment deadlines are missed
- Special assessments: Unexpected charges if reserve funds run low
What to Ask Before Buying a Home in an HOA
As a homebuyer, here are some important questions to ask:
- How much are the HOA dues?
- What do the fees include?
- Are there any upcoming special assessments or fee increases?
- Can I see the community’s CC&Rs, by-laws, and financials?
- Are there restrictions on pets, rentals, or home improvements?
Understanding the HOA’s rules and financial health will help you avoid surprises after closing.
Final Thoughts
An HOA can offer structure, amenities, and peace of mind—but it also comes with rules, dues, and responsibilities. If you're buying a home, be sure to review the HOA documents carefully and consider how the lifestyle and financial obligations align with your goals.
Have questions about buying a home in an HOA community?
I help homebuyers navigate every step of the process—including understanding HOA rules, costs, and how they impact your purchase. Let’s connect and find the right home for your lifestyle and budget.
